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National Audubon Society Interactive CD-ROM Guide to North American Birds Copyright 1996 Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Bird vocalizations: Copyright 1994 Library of Natural Sounds, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York.
Video footage 1996 Global Village Stock Footage, Sea Studios, The Zoological Society of San Diego.
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House Limited, Toronto. Distributed by Random House, Inc., New York.
Visit the Random House web site for information on this program and on National Audubon Society guide books, technical support by e-mail, and links to birding groups and activities on the Internet: http://www.randomhouse.com/audubon/
Text, photographs, and maps provided by Chanticleer Press, Inc., New York.
Software development by Communications Wave, San Francisco.
Screen and package design by Chic Simple Design, Inc., New York.
First edition Manufactured in the United States of America. ISBN: 0-679-76016-4
Project editor: Susan Ralston
Project consultant: Kenzi Sugihara
Consulting naturalist: Richard B. Cech
Consulting editor: Barbara K. Bristol
Contributors: Wayne Petersen, Peter Joost
Habitat soundscapes: Dennis Hysom
Sound recordists:
Arthur A. Allen, David G. Allen, Robert B. Angstadt, Walter Arnell, Grace M. Bell, William Belton, Richard O. Bierregaard, James D. Bland, Paul Bondenson, Ernest S. Booth, Warren Y. Brockleman, Gregory F. Budney, John Burton, Alvin Carpenter, Paul Coopmans, L. Irby Davis, Thomas H. Davis, Paul A. Dean, Sharon Dechesne, Dale Delaney, Robert W. Dickerman, Charles D. Duncan, William R. Evans, Rob Faucett, A. G. Field, William R. Fish, Douglas Fisher, John Gordon, John Greenlaw, Robert Grimshaw, Robert W. Grotke, James L. Gulledge, William W. H. Gunn, James M. Hartshorne, David S. Herr, Oliver H. Hewitt, Kim M. Howell, Virginia Huber, Geoffrey A. Keller, Peter Paul Kellogg, Stuart Keith, James W. Kimball, John King, Wesley E. Lanyon, Randolph Scott Little, Fred W. Loetscher, Harry G. Lumsden, Stuart D. MacDonald, Curtis A. Marantz, Brian J. McCaffery, Donald S. McChesney, Marian P. McChesney, Hugh McIsaac, Dolly Minis, Martin C. Michener, David C. Moyer, Gary Nuechterlein, S. Kim Nelson, Lorraine Newbigging, Myles E. W. North, Camillo Orso, Sture Palmer, Steven R. Pantle, Theodore A. Parker, III, Roger Payne, Leonard J. Peyton, John Piatt, H. Douglas Pratt, Andrea L. Priori, Clayton Reeves, George B. Reynard, Rob Righter, Mark B. Robbins, Robert W. Robinson, F. N. Robinson, David L. Ross, Andres M. Sada, Thomas G. Sander, Sydney Schoenwetter, Bernadette Schrempf, Paul A. Schwartz, Patrick Sellar, R. J. Shallenberger, Fletcher H. Sillick, Richard W. Simmers, Robert C. Stein, Jerry E. Stillwell, Charles A. Sutherland, Walter A. Thurber, David J. Tombs, Nigel Tucker, Arnoud B. van den Berg, Thomas Van Pelt, Robert Waide, William V. Ward, Doug Welch, Bret M. Whitney, David Wingate, Jeff C. Williams, Kevin Zimmer, Dale A. Zimmerman.
Photographers:
Front cover: Elegant Trogon by James H. Robinson
Back cover: Eared Grebe by Chuck Gordon
Life Zones:
Arctic Life Zone by Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Arctic Ocean by Rick Cech
Wet Tundra by Rick Cech
Dry Tundra by Rick Cech
Arctic Scrub by Rick Cech
Aleutians by Noble Proctor
Atlantic/Gulf Coasts Life Zone by Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Atlantic Rocky Shores by Herbert Clarke
Atlantic Sandy Shores and Dunes by Stephen Maka, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Atlantic Bays, Estuaries, and Salt Marshes by Bill Lea, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Mangrove Shores by Valorie Hogsdon, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Gulf Shores by Tim Zurowski
Atlantic Offshore Waters by Rick Cech
Deserts Life Zone by Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Great Basin Desert by Rod Planck, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Mojave Desert by Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Sonoran Desert by Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Chihuahuan Desert by Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Desert Canyons and Rivercourses by Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Disturbed Areas Life Zone by Barry Bublitz, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Urban Open Areas by Stephen Graham, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Suburbs by Herbert Clarke
Dumps by Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Farmlands by Stephen Graham, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Eastern/Boreal Forests Life Zone by Stephen Maka, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Boreal Forests by Rick Cech
Transition Forests by Don Johnson, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Mixed Deciduous Forests by Thomas A. Schneider, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Pine Barrens by John Gerlach, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Southern Pine-Oak Forests by Bill Lea, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Florida Pine-Palmetto Scrub by Don Johnson, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Florida Subtropical Forests by Rick Cech
Grasslands Life Zone by Darrell Gulin, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Eastern/Central Prairies by Ted Nelson, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Western Prairies by Mark Barlow, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Desert Grasslands by Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Great Basin Grasslands by Herbert Clarke
California Grasslands by Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Eastern Grasslands by Rick Cech
Texas Dry Scrub by Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Pacific Coast Life Zone by Marilyn Kazmers, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Pacific Rocky Shores by Rick Cech
Pacific Sandy Shores and Dunes by Dusty Perin, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Pacific Bays, Estuaries, and Salt Marshes by Herbert Clarke
Pacific Offshore Waters by Rick Cech
Western Forests Life Zone by Stephen Maka, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Texas Central Plateau by Adam Jones, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Northwestern Coastal Forests by Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Sierran Montane Forests by Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
Rocky Mountain Montane Forests by Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Subalpine Forests by Tim Zurowski
Western Woodlands by Rick Cech
Wetlands Life Zone by Stephen Maka, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Lower Rio Grande Valley by Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
Bogs by Rick Cech
Marshes by Rick Cech
Northern Swamps/Floodplain Forests by Rick Cech
Southern Swamps by Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Northern Lakes and Ponds by Rick Cech
Southern Lakes and Ponds by Rick Cech
Northern Rivers and Streams by Rick Cech
Southern Rivers and Streams by Bill Lea, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Browser images:
Red-throated Loon
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Betty Randall
3. Rick Cech
4. Chuck Gordon
Arctic Loon
1. Grimes, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
Pacific Loon
1. Kevin T. Karlson
2. Kevin T. Karlson
3. Herbert Clarke, VIREO
4. Rick Cech
Common Loon
1. Wayne Lankinen
2. Isidor Jeklin
3. Bates Littlehales
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Yellow-billed Loon
1. Ken Wilson, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Least Grebe
1. Larry R. Ditto
2. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
3. James H. Robinson
4. Steve Bentsen
Pied-billed Grebe
1. Gregory K. Scott
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Gay Bumgarner, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Horned Grebe
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Red-necked Grebe
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Rick Cech
4. Chuck Gordon
Eared Grebe
1. Chuck Gordon
2. C. Allan Morgan
3. Chuck Gordon
4. Chuck Gordon
Western Grebe
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Chuck Gordon
3. Tom J. Ulrich
4. Chuck Gordon
Clark's Grebe
1. Charles W. Melton
2. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
Black-footed Albatross
1. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
2. Tim Zurowski
3. Rick Cech
4. C. Allan Morgan
Laysan Albatross
1. Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
2. Tim Zurowski
Yellow-nosed Albatross
1. C. Allan Morgan
Northern Fulmar
1. Rick Cech
2. Jeff Foott
3. Fred Bruemmer
4. Kevin Schafer
Black-capped Petrel
1. Jim Danzenbaker
2. S. LaFrance, VIREO
Mottled Petrel
1. R. L. Pitman, VIREO
Cory's Shearwater
1. R. L. Pitman, VIREO
Pink-footed Shearwater
1. Tim Zurowski
2. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Flesh-footed Shearwater
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Greater Shearwater
1. Robert P. Abrams
2. Rick Cech
3. Rick Cech
Buller's Shearwater
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Sooty Shearwater
1. Sharon Cummings
2. Tim Zurowski
3. Rick Cech
Short-tailed Shearwater
1. Tim Zurowski
Manx Shearwater
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Black-vented Shearwater
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Audubon's Shearwater
1. R. L. Pitman, VIREO
Wilson's Storm-Petrel
1. C. Allan Morgan
2. Robert P. Abrams
White-faced Storm-Petrel
1. Rick Cech
Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel
1. R. L. Pitman, VIREO
Leach's Storm-Petrel
1. R. and M. Hansen, VIREO
2. Robert P. Abrams
Ashy Storm-Petrel
1. Mike Danzenbaker
2. Rick Cech
Band-rumped Storm-Petrel
1. R. L. Pitman, VIREO
Black Storm-Petrel
1. C. Allan Morgan
2. Frank S. Todd
Least Storm-Petrel
1. J. Hoffman, VIREO
White-tailed Tropicbird
1. Brian E. Small
2. Jeff Foott
Red-billed Tropicbird
1. Ron Austing
2. Jeff Foott
3. C. Allan Morgan
4. C. Allan Morgan
Red-tailed Tropicbird
1. Brian E. Small
Masked Booby
1. C. Allan Morgan
2. Jeff Foott
Blue-footed Booby
1. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
2. C. Allan Morgan
3. Stan Osolinski, Dembinsky Photo Associates
4. Jeff Foott
Brown Booby
1. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
2. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
3. Bates Littlehales
4. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Red-footed Booby
1. Stan Osolinski, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Stan Osolinski
3. C. Allan Morgan
4. Stan Osolinski
Northern Gannet
1. Kathy Lindstrom
2. Harold Lindstrom
3. Robert P. Abrams
4. Jean Buermeyer, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
American White Pelican
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Tom J. Ulrich
3. Robert D. Campbell
4. Tom J. Ulrich
Brown Pelican
1. Ron Sanford
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Chuck Gordon
Great Cormorant
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Double-crested Cormorant
1. John Gerlach, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. John Gerlach, Dembinsky Photo Associates
3. Stan Osolinski, Dembinsky Photo Associates
4. Mike Danzenbaker
Neotropic Cormorant
1. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Brandt's Cormorant
1. C. Allan Morgan
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Rick Cech
Pelagic Cormorant
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Jeff Foott
Red-faced Cormorant
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. Tom J. Ulrich
Anhinga
1. G. C. Kelley
2. C. Allan Morgan
3. Jeff Foott
4. Sharon Cummings
Magnificent Frigatebird
1. Jeff Foott
2. C. Allan Morgan
3. C. Allan Morgan
4. Carl Hanninen, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
American Bittern
1. Jon Farrar
2. Robert D. Campbell
3. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
4. Isidor Jeklin
Least Bittern
1. Bates Littlehales
2. Ron Austing
3. Barry W. Mansell
Great Blue Heron
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
3. Tom Cawley
4. Jeff Foott
Great Egret
1. Carl R. Sams II, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Snowy Egret
1. Cortez C. Austin, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Barry W. Mansell
Little Blue Heron
1. Bates Littlehales
2. James F. Parnell
3. James H. Robinson
Tricolored Heron
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Steffen Mittelhaeuser
3. Jeff Foott
Reddish Egret
1. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
2. Richard Day
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Tom J. Ulrich
Cattle Egret
1. Wayne Lankinen
2. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
3. Barry W. Mansell
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Green Heron
1. Sharon Cummings
2. Harold Lindstrom
3. Barry W. Mansell
4. Tim Zurowski
Black-crowned Night-Heron
1. Jon Farrar
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Jeff Foott
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron
1. Barbara Reed, John Williams
2. Sam Fried, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
3. Barbara Reed, John Williams
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
White Ibis
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Sharon Cummings
3. Larry R. Ditto
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Glossy Ibis
1. John Heidecker, Nature Photos
2. Harold Lindstrom
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
White-faced Ibis
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
3. C. Allan Morgan
Roseate Spoonbill
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. James F. Parnell
3. Sharon Cummings
4. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
Jabiru
1. C. Allan Morgan
Wood Stork
1. Jeff Foott
2. John Cancalosi
3. Mark F. Wallner
4. Sharon Cummings
Greater Flamingo
1. James H. Robinson
2. Jeff Foott
Fulvous Whistling-Duck
1. G. C. Kelley
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck
1. Larry R. Ditto
Tundra Swan
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Dorothy S. Long, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
3. Ron Sanford
Whooper Swan
1. C. Allan Morgan
2. Larry West
Trumpeter Swan
1. G. C. Kelley
2. Jeff Foott
3. Jeff Foott
Mute Swan
1. Tim Zurowski
2. Rod Planck
3. Johann Schumacher, Johann Schumacher Design
4. John Heidecker, Nature Photos
Greater White-fronted Goose
1. C. Allan Morgan
2. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
Snow Goose
1. G. C. Kelley
2. Wayne Lankinen
3. Brian Wheeler
4. Tim Zurowski
Ross's Goose
1. Cortez C. Austin, Jr., PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Emperor Goose
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Frank S. Todd
Brant
1. Mike Danzenbaker
2. John Heidecker, Nature Photos
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Barnacle Goose
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Frank S. Todd
Canada Goose
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Steffen Mittelhaeuser
3. Jim Roetzel, Dembinsky Photo Associates
4. George Stewart, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Wood Duck
1. Ron Austing
2. John Heidecker, Nature Photos
3. Gregory K. Scott
4. Dominique Braud, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Green-winged Teal
1. G. C. Kelley
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Mark F. Wallner
Falcated Teal
1. Alan Nelson, Dembinsky Photo Associates
American Black Duck
1. Larry R. Ditto
2. Mark F. Wallner
Mottled Duck
1. Priscilla Connell, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Mallard
1. Tim Zurowski
2. Tim Zurowski
3. Mike Danzenbaker
4. Ron Sanford
Spot-billed Duck
1. Frank S. Todd
Northern Pintail
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Charles W. Melton
3. Larry R. Ditto
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Blue-winged Teal
1. Jeff Foott
2. Charles W. Melton
3. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
Cinnamon Teal
1. Jim Flynn, ROOT RESOURCES
2. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
Northern Shoveler
1. Charles W. Melton
2. Chuck Gordon
3. Tom J. Ulrich
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Gadwall
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. John Heidecker, Nature Photos
4. Mark F. Wallner
Eurasian Wigeon
1. John Heidecker, Nature Photos
2. Roger Wilmshurst, Dembinsky Photo Associates
American Wigeon
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Jack Dermid
Canvasback
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Tim Zurowski
4. Rod Planck, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Redhead
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Tom J. Ulrich
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Ring-necked Duck
1. Kathy Lindstrom
2. Charles W. Melton
3. John Heidecker, Nature Photos
Tufted Duck
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Mike Danzenbaker
Greater Scaup
1. Tim Zurowski
2. Mike Danzenbaker
3. Johann Schumacher, Johann Schumacher Design
Lesser Scaup
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Common Eider
1. Jeff Foott
2. Jeff Foott
3. Robert P. Abrams
4. Tom J. Ulrich
King Eider
1. Betty Randall
2. Kevin T. Karlson
3. Betty Randall
4. Fred Bruemmer
Spectacled Eider
1. Kevin T. Karlson
2. Kevin T. Karlson
Steller's Eider
1. Jim Flynn, ROOT RESOURCES
2. Mike Danzenbaker
Harlequin Duck
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
3. Tim Zurowski
Oldsquaw
1. Jim Flynn, ROOT RESOURCES
2. D. Roby, VIREO
3. Fred Bruemmer
4. Mark F. Wallner
Black Scoter
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
Surf Scoter
1. Bates Littlehales
2. Charles W. Melton
White-winged Scoter
1. Bates Littlehales
2. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Common Goldeneye
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Jeff Foott
3. Tom J. Ulrich
4. Tim Zurowski
Barrow's Goldeneye
1. Jeff Foott
2. Ron Austing
3. Jeff Foott
4. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
Bufflehead
1. Ron Austing
2. Ron Austing
Smew
1. Anthony Mercieca
2. Sam Fried, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Hooded Merganser
1. Jim Flynn, ROOT RESOURCES
2. Jeff Foott
3. Mark F. Wallner
Common Merganser
1. Rod Planck
2. Rod Planck
3. John Heidecker, Nature Photos
4. Mark F. Wallner
Red-breasted Merganser
1. Mark F. Wallner
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
4. Jeff Foott
Ruddy Duck
1. G. C. Kelley
2. Chuck Gordon
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Masked Duck
1. Paul Sykes, VIREO
Black Vulture
1. Mitchell D. Smith
2. Brian Wheeler
3. James F. Parnell
4. Tom J. Ulrich
Turkey Vulture
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Gay Bumgarner
California Condor
1. Frank S. Todd
2. Ron Austing
Osprey
1. Joe McDonald
2. Mitchell D. Smith
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Tom J. Ulrich
Hook-billed Kite
1. Brian Wheeler
2. Brian Wheeler
American Swallow-tailed Kite
1. Brian Wheeler
White-tailed Kite
1. Steve Bentsen
Snail Kite
1. Brian Wheeler
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Bates Littlehales
Mississippi Kite
1. Brian Wheeler
2. Brian Wheeler, VIREO
3. Brian Wheeler
Bald Eagle
1. Ron Sanford
2. Ron Sanford
3. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
4. Jeff Foott
White-tailed Eagle
1. William S. Clark, VIREO
Steller's Sea-Eagle
1. William S. Clark
Northern Harrier
1. Ron Austing
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Ron Austing
4. Brian Wheeler
Sharp-shinned Hawk
1. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Cooper's Hawk
1. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Brian Wheeler
Northern Goshawk
1. Ron Austing
2. Ron Austing
3. Brian Wheeler
4. Tim Zurowski
Common Black-Hawk
1. Brian Wheeler
2. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
3. Tim Zurowski
Harris's Hawk
1. C. Allan Morgan
2. Sharon Cummings
3. Ervio Sian
Gray Hawk
1. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Brian Wheeler
4. Brian Wheeler
Red-shouldered Hawk
1. Larry West
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
Broad-winged Hawk
1. Jon Farrar
2. Ron Austing
3. Clay Sutton
4. Ron Austing
Short-tailed Hawk
1. Brian Wheeler, VIREO
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Mitchell D. Smith
Swainson's Hawk
1. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Brian Wheeler
4. Dominique Braud, Dembinsky Photo Associates
White-tailed Hawk
1. John Hendrickson
2. Brian Wheeler
Zone-tailed Hawk
1. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
2. Brian Wheeler
Red-tailed Hawk
1. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
2. Jeff Foott
3. Brian Wheeler
4. Jeff Foott
Ferruginous Hawk
1. John Hendrickson
2. Ron Austing
3. Greg Winston
4. Ned Harris
Rough-legged Hawk
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Ron Austing
4. Brian Wheeler, VIREO
Golden Eagle
1. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
2. Jeff Foott
3. Brian Wheeler
Crested Caracara
1. Tom J. Ulrich
American Kestrel
1. Paul Zimmerman
2. Steve Bentsen
3. Brian Wheeler
Merlin
1. Mitchell D. Smith
2. Tom J. Ulrich
3. William S. Clark
4. Brian Wheeler
Aplomado Falcon
1. William S. Clark
2. Brian Wheeler
Peregrine Falcon
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Frank S. Todd
3. Johann Schumacher, Johann Schumacher Design
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Gyrfalcon
1. Fritz Polking, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Joe McDonald
3. Tom J. Ulrich
Prairie Falcon
1. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Brian Wheeler
4. Jeff Foott
Plain Chachalaca
1. Jack Dermid
2. Jeff Foott
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Gray Partridge
1. Alan Nelson, ROOT RESOURCES
2. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
3. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
Chukar
1. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
Ring-necked Pheasant
1. Tim Zurowski
2. Jeff Foott
3. Rick Cech
4. Sharon Cummings, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Spruce Grouse
1. Eliot Cohen
2. Tim Zurowski
Blue Grouse
1. Jim Roetzel, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Bates Littlehales
3. Nick Bergkessel
4. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Willow Ptarmigan
1. Gregory J. Winston
2. Fred Bruemmer
3. Rick Cech
4. Sharon Cummings
Rock Ptarmigan
1. James F. Parnell
2. Wayne Lankinen
3. Brian Wheeler
White-tailed Ptarmigan
1. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
2. Rick Cech
3. Tom J. Ulrich
4. Bates Littlehales
Ruffed Grouse
1. Jeff Foott
2. Rod Planck
3. Sharon Cummings
Sage Grouse
1. Jeff Foott
2. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
3. Jeff Foott
4. Jeff Foott
Greater Prairie-Chicken
1. Richard Day
2. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
3. Richard Day
4. Wayne Lankinen
Lesser Prairie-Chicken
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. G. C. Kelley
3. Tom J. Ulrich
Sharp-tailed Grouse
1. Sharon Cummings
2. Tom J. Ulrich
Wild Turkey
1. Steve Bentsen
2. Barry W. Mansell
3. Carl R. Sams II, Dembinsky Photo Associates
4. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
Montezuma Quail
1. C. Allan Morgan
2. Brian E. Small
3. Brian E. Small
4. John Cancalosi
Northern Bobwhite
1. Tom J. Ulrich
2. Tom J. Ulrich
3. Larry R. Ditto
Scaled Quail
1. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
Gambel's Quail
1. G. C. Kelley
2. G. C. Kelley
3. G. C. Kelley
California Quail
1. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
2. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
3. Larry R. Ditto
Mountain Quail
1. Mike Danzenbaker
2. Tim Zurowski
Yellow Rail
1. Jack Dermid
Black Rail
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Clapper Rail
1. Robert P. Abrams
2. Anthony Mercieca, ROOT RESOURCES
3. Tom Vezo
4. Jeff Foott
King Rail
1. Bates Littlehales
Virginia Rail
1. Sharon Cummings
Sora
1. Tim Zurowski
2. Isidor Jeklin
3. Robert P. Abrams
4. Mike Danzenbaker
Purple Gallinule
1. Ben Goldstein, ROOT RESOURCES
2. Eliot Cohen
Common Moorhen
1. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
2. Larry West
3. Roger Wilmshurst, Dembinsky Photo Associates
4. Sharon Cummings
American Coot
1. Sharon Cummings, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Steve Bentsen
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Carroll W. Perkins
Limpkin
1. Bates Littlehales
2. Stan Osolinski, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Sandhill Crane
1. Larry West
2. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
3. Larry R. Ditto
4. Barry W. Mansell
Whooping Crane
1. Bates Littlehales
2. Sharon Cummings
3. Sharon Cummings
4. Jeff Foott
Northern Lapwing
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Black-bellied Plover
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Tom J. Ulrich
4. Mike Danzenbaker
Pacific Golden-Plover
1. Brian E. Small
2. Joe Fuhrman
American Golden-Plover
1. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
2. Wayne Lankinen
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
Mongolian Plover
1. Tim Zurowski
Snowy Plover
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Robert A. Behrstock, Naturewide Images
3. Mike Danzenbaker
Wilson's Plover
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. James F. Parnell
Common Ringed Plover
1. Mike Danzenbaker
2. Tom J. Ulrich
Semipalmated Plover
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. Stephen Maka, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
3. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Piping Plover
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Mike Danzenbaker
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Killdeer
1. Rod Planck, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Jeff Foott
Mountain Plover
1. John Cancalosi
2. John Cancalosi
Eurasian Dotterel
1. Mike Danzenbaker
2. Rick Cech
American Oystercatcher
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Harold Lindstrom
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Black Oystercatcher
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Tim Zurowski
3. Ervio Sian
4. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
Black-necked Stilt
1. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
2. John Hendrickson
3. Mike Danzenbaker
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
American Avocet
1. John Gerlach, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Charles W. Melton
3. Rod Planck, Dembinsky Photo Associates
4. Tom J. Ulrich
Northern Jacana
1. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
2. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
3. Brian Wheeler
Common Greenshank
1. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
Greater Yellowlegs
1. Johann Schumacher, Johann Schumacher Design
2. Mike Danzenbaker
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Lesser Yellowlegs
1. Cortez Austin, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
2. Mike Danzenbaker
Spotted Redshank
1. Mike Danzenbaker
2. Mike Danzenbaker
Wood Sandpiper
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Solitary Sandpiper
1. Mark F. Wallner
Willet
1. David Stone, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Harold Lindstrom
Wandering Tattler
1. Clarence Postmus, ROOT RESOURCES
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Tim Zurowski
Gray-tailed Tattler
1. Sam Fried, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Common Sandpiper
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Spotted Sandpiper
1. Mark F. Wallner
2. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
3. Isidor Jeklin
4. Tom J. Ulrich
Terek Sandpiper
1. Tim Zurowski
Upland Sandpiper
1. Mark F. Wallner
2. Steve Bentsen
Whimbrel
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Gary Meszaros, Dembinsky Photo Associates
3. Robert C. Simpson, Simpson & Co. Nature Stock
Bristle-thighed Curlew
1. H. C. Kyllingstad, VIREO
Long-billed Curlew
1. G. C. Kelley
2. Wayne Lankinen
3. Priscilla Connell
4. G. C. Kelley
Black-tailed Godwit
1. J. H. Dick, VIREO
Hudsonian Godwit
1. Rick Cech
2. James F. Parnell
3. James F. Parnell
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Bar-tailed Godwit
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. J. Hough, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
3. Tom J. Ulrich
4. Tim Zurowski
Marbled Godwit
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Chuck Gordon
3. Chuck Gordon
4. Tim Zurowski
Ruddy Turnstone
1. Bates Littlehales
2. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
3. Sam Fried, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Black Turnstone
1. Jeff Foott
2. G. C. Kelley
3. Tim Zurowski
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Surfbird
1. Brian E. Small
2. Tim Zurowski
3. Sam Fried, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Red Knot
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Sanderling
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Tim Zurowski
3. Frank S. Todd
4. Mike Danzenbaker
Semipalmated Sandpiper
1. Wayne Lankinen
2. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
3. Fred Bruemmer
Western Sandpiper
1. Hugh P. Smith, Jr.
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Kevin T. Karlson
4. Harold Lindstrom
Rufous-necked Stint
1. B. Chudleish, VIREO
Least Sandpiper
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
White-rumped Sandpiper
1. Fred Bruemmer
Baird's Sandpiper
1. Gary Meszaros, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Kevin T. Karlson
3. Larry West
4. Mike Danzenbaker
Pectoral Sandpiper
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Sandra Nykerk, Dembinsky Photo Associates
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
1. Tim Zurowski
Purple Sandpiper
1. Helen Cruickshank, VIREO
2. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Robert P. Abrams
Rock Sandpiper
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. Tim Zurowski
3. Tim Zurowski
Dunlin
1. Clarence Postmus, ROOT RESOURCES
2. Jack Dermid
3. Rod Planck
4. Priscilla Connell, PHOTO/NATS, Inc.
Curlew Sandpiper
1. R. J. Chandler, VIREO
Stilt Sandpiper
1. Barbara Gerlach, Dembinsky Photo Associates
2. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Kevin T. Karlson
Buff-breasted Sandpiper
1. Kevin T. Karlson
2. Tim Zurowski
Ruff
1. Mike Danzenbaker
Short-billed Dowitcher
1. Tim Zurowski
2. Charles W. Melton
Long-billed Dowitcher
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Mike Danzenbaker
3. Mike Danzenbaker
Common Snipe
1. Mark F. Wallner
2. Isidor Jeklin
3. Johann Schumacher, Johann Schumacher Design
4. Peter Roberts, Wildlife Photography
American Woodcock
1. Ron Austing
2. Isidor Jeklin
3. Tom J. Ulrich
Wilson's Phalarope
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Charles G. Summers, Jr., Wild Images
3. Mike Danzenbaker
4. Harold Lindstrom
Red-necked Phalarope
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. Brian E. Small
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Red Phalarope
1. Harold Lindstrom
2. Harold Lindstrom
3. Joe Fuhrman
Pomarine Jaeger
1. Rick Cech
2. Joseph R. Jehl, Jr.
3. Mike Danzenbaker
Parasitic Jaeger
1. Fred Bruemmer
2. Rick Cech
3. Kevin T. Karlson
4. Tim Zurowski
Long-tailed Jaeger
1. Kevin T. Karlson
2. Rick Cech
Great Skua
1. Fred Bruemmer
2. Rick Cech
South Polar Skua
1. Arnold Small
2. Frank S. Todd
3. C. Allan Morgan
Laughing Gull
1. Rod Planck
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Franklin's Gull
1. Chuck Gordon
2. Tom J. Ulrich
3. Rick Cech
4. Rick Cech
Little Gull
1. Isidor Jeklin, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology
2. Tim Zurowski
3. T. H. Davis, VIREO
Common Black-headed Gull
1. Dale and Marian Zimmerman
2. Robert P. Abrams
Bonaparte's Gull
1. Tim Zurowski
2. Rob Curtis, The Early Birder
3. James F. Parnell
4. Rick Cech
Heermann's Gull
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Rick Cech
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Mew Gull
1. Rick Cech
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Fred Bruemmer
4. Mike Danzenbaker
Ring-billed Gull
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Wayne Lankinen
4. Rod Planck
California Gull
1. Bates Littlehales
2. Greg R. Homel, Natural Elements, Inc.
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Tim Zurowski
Herring Gull
1. Fred Bruemmer
2. Brian Wheeler
3. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
4. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Thayer's Gull
1. Fred Bruemmer
2. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
3. Tim Zurowski
Iceland Gull
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
2. Rod Planck
3. Tom Vezo
Lesser Black-backed Gull
1. Arthur and Elaine Morris, Birds as Art
Slaty-backed Gull
1. Ervio Sian
Yellow-footed Gull
1. John Hendrickson
2. C. Allan Morgan
3. C. Allan Morgan
4. M. Kazmers Sharksong, Dembinsky Photo Associates